Timing of sleep and its relationship with the endogenous melatonin rhythm.

"Conflict of Interest Statement Dr Rajaratnam has received research and/or unrestricted educational grants from Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Cephalon, Respironics, ResMed Foundation, and Philips Lighting. He has served as a consultant to Vanda Pharmaceuticals through Monash University. Dr Lockley has received: -consulting fees from Apollo Lighting and holds a consulting contract with Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering (NASA) to complete an evidence review. He is/was a consultant on federally funded projects at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, and Warwick Medical School;-lecture fees from Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America and I Slept Great/Euforma, LLC;-unrestricted equipment gifts from ResMed Inc, Philips Lighting, and Bionetics Corporation;-an unrestricted monetary gift to support research from Swinburne University of Technology, Australia and Optalert, Pty, Melbourne, Australia;-advance author payment from Oxford University Press, and honoraria from Servier Inc. for writing an article for Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience and from AMO Inc., for writing an educational monograph, neither of which refer to the companies’ products;-honoraria and/or travel and accommodation support for invited seminars, conference presentations, or teaching from second International Symposium on the Design of Artificial Environments; Apollo Lighting; Bassett Research Institute; Canadian Sleep Society; Committee of Interns and Residents; Coney Island Hospital; FASEB; Harvard University; Illinois Coalition for Responsible Outdoor Lighting; International Graduate School of Neuroscience; Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health; Lightfair; National Research Council Canada; New York Academy of Sciences; North East Sleep Society; Philips Lighting; Thomas Jefferson University; University of Montreal; University of Tsukuba; University of Vermont College of Medicine; Utica College; Velux; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering (NASA);-investigator-initiated research grants from Respironics Inc., Philips Lighting, Apollo Lighting, and Alcon Inc. and two investigator-initiated research grants from the ResMed Foundation; Dr Lockley holds a process patent for the use of short-wavelength light for resetting the human circadian pacemaker and improving alertness and performance which is assigned to the Brigham and Women's Hospital per Hospital policy. He has also received revenue from a patent on the use of short-wavelength light which is assigned to the University of Surrey. Dr. Lockley has also served as a paid expert witness on behalf of two public bodies on arbitration panels related to sleep, circadian rhythms and work hours."

"The authors would like to thank the research staff and students within the School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University for assistance with data collection; Dr. Simon Moss for statistical advice; A/Prof. David Kennaway and the team at the University of Adelaide for performing the radioimmunoassay; Philips Lighting (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) for donation of lights for the laboratory suite. This research was supported by NHMRC project grant (# 436758)."