Short-term exercise training improves insulin sensitivity but does not inhibit inflammatory pathways in immune cells from insulin-resistant subjects.

" Conflict of Interests S. M. Reyna, P. Tantiwong, A. Sriwijitkamol, and N. Musi declare no conflict of interests associated with this paper."

"R. A. DeFronzo has research grant support from Takeda and Amylin. R. A. DeFronzo serves on the Advisory Board for Takeda, Amylin, Boehringer Ingelheim, NovoNordisk, and BMS and serves at the Speaker Bureau for NovoNordisk. E. Cersosimo has research grant support from Sanofi-Aventis and serves as a spokesperson for Takeda, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Aventis. The authors thank all the volunteers who participated in the study. This study was supported by Grants from the American Diabetes Association (to E. Cersosimo, R. A. DeFronzo, and N. Musi), the National Institutes of Health (AG030979 and DK080157 to N. Musi, DK24092 to R. A. DeFronzo, and HL086089 to S. M. Reyna), the UTHSCSA Executive Research Committee (to N. Musi), the South Texas Health Research Center (to N. Musi), a Nathan Shock Center Pilot Grant (to N. Musi), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (to R. A. DeFronzo), the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University of Thailand (to A. Sriwijitkamol), the Endocrine Fellows Foundation (to A. Sriwijitkamol), and the Thai Ministry of Public Health and Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital (to P. Tantiwong)."