Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist.

"Conflicts of interest Paolo Navalesi contributed to the development of a new interface for noninvasive ventilation (not mentioned in the present work), whose license for patent belongs to Intersurgical S.p.A., and receives royalties for that invention. His research laboratory has received equipment and grants from Maquet Critical Care and Intersurgical S.p.A. He also received honoraria/speaking fees from Maquet Critical Care, Covidien AG, Breas, Hill-Rom, and Linde AG. Federico Longhini has no conflict of interest to declare. Paolo Navalesi contributed to the development of a new interface for noninvasive ventilation (not mentioned in the present work), whose license for patent belongs to Intersurgical S.p.A., and receives royalties for that invention. His research laboratory has received equipment and grants from Maquet Critical Care and Intersurgical S.p.A. He also received honoraria/speaking fees from Maquet Critical Care, Covidien AG, Breas, Hill-Rom, and Linde AG. Federico Longhini has no conflict of interest to declare ."

"Financial support and sponsorship The present work did not receive funds from any organization."