Pain and Surgery in England, circa 1620-circa 1740.

"23.: David Gentilcore, ‘The fear of disease and the disease of fear’, in William G. Naphy and Penny Roberts (eds), Fear in Early Modern Society (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997), 185–208; Linda A. Pollock, ‘Anger and the Negotiation of Relationships in Early Modern England’, The Historical Journal 47, 3 (2004), 567–90; Fay Bound Alberti (ed.), Medicine, Emotion and Disease, 1700–1950 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006); Katherine A. Craik, Reading Sensations in Early Modern England (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007); Ulinka Rublack, ‘Fluxes: The Early Modern Body and the Emotions’, History Workshop Journal 53 (2002), 1–16; Duden, op. cit. (note 10); Gail Kern Paster, The Body Embarrassed: Drama and the Disciplines of Shame in Early Modern England (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993); Gail Kern Paster, Humouring the Body: Emotions and the Shakespearean Stage (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 2004), 13. Alisha Rankin views the lay interpretation of fluxes as distinct from, but not inherently conflicting with, practitioners’ concept of the humours. Rankin, ‘Dutchess, Heal Thyself: Elisabeth of Rochlitz and the Patient’s Perspective in Early Modern Germany’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 82 (2008), 109–44."

"An earlier version of this article was presented at the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine Conference held in Waterloo, Ontario, May 2012. Research funding was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and McMaster University. Support from the University of Windsor allowed me to complete the final draft. I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of the William Bynum Essay Prize Competition for their valuable feedback, and the editors of Medical History, as well as James Alsop, Bernice Kaczynski and Karen Balcom. 121.: Ibid, 54. Morand described the difference in the operation in the following manner: ‘That method has been call’d the High Operation, when they begin by opening the Bladder at the fund, and in the middle of the Hypogastrium, whereas in the Common Method which is called that of Marianus, and may be term’d the Low Operation, they enter the Bladder by dilating its neck’. Ibid, 4. For a secondary description of the high and low operations, see Cook, op. cit. (note 112), 95–6."