Current Approaches to Neuromodulation in Primary Headaches: Focus on Vagal Nerve and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation.

"Conflict of Interest Francesca Puledda declares no conflict of interest. Peter J. Goadsby declares grant support and personal fees from Allergan, eNeura Inc. and Amgen Inc.; he also declares personal fees from Autonomic Technologies Inc., Alder Biopharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc., Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Zosano Pharma Corporation, Colucid Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Eli-Lilly and Company, Avanir Pharmaceuticals, WL Gore & Associates, Heptares Therapeutics, Nupathe Inc., Teva, Cipla Ltd., Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Akita Biomedical, Wells Fargo, Ethicon, USA, EMKinetics, Promius Pharma, Supernus and medicoegal work; and personal fees from Journal Watch and Up-to-Date for editorial work. He also declares personal fees and stock options (no commercial product) from Trigemina Inc. He also declares a patent pending for magnetic stimulation for headache."

"Compliance with Ethical Standards: Conflict of InterestFrancesca Puledda declares no conflict of interest. Peter J. Goadsby declares grant support and personal fees from Allergan, eNeura Inc. and Amgen Inc.; he also declares personal fees from Autonomic Technologies Inc., Alder Biopharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc., Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Zosano Pharma Corporation, Colucid Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Eli-Lilly and Company, Avanir Pharmaceuticals, WL Gore & Associates, Heptares Therapeutics, Nupathe Inc., Teva, Cipla Ltd., Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Akita Biomedical, Wells Fargo, Ethicon, USA, EMKinetics, Promius Pharma, Supernus and medicoegal work; and personal fees from Journal Watch and Up-to-Date for editorial work. He also declares personal fees and stock options (no commercial product) from Trigemina Inc. He also declares a patent pending for magnetic stimulation for headache.: Human and Animal Rights and Informed ConsentThis article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors."