Rare variants analysis of cutaneous malignant melanoma genes in Parkinson's disease.

"Disclosure statement Donald G. Grossett received personal fees from AbbVie, Union Chimique Belge Pharma, GE Healthcare, Civitas Inc, and Acorda Inc, outside the submitted work. Huw R. Morris reports personal fees from Teva, personal fees from Abbvie, personal fees from Teva, personal fees from UCB, personal fees from Boerhinger-Ingelheim, personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no actual or potential conflicts of interest to declare."

"The authors would like to thank all the subjects who donated their time and biological samples to be a part of this study. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences both part of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; project numbers Z01-AG000949-02 and Z01-ES101986. In addition, this work was supported by the Department of Defence (award W81XWH-09-2-0128), and The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01NS037167, R01CA141668, P50NS071674, American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA); Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation; Greater St Louis Chapter of the APDA; Hersenstichting Nederland; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; and the section of medical genomics, the Prinses Beatrix Fonds. The KORA (Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) research platform was started and financed by the Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology and by the State of Bavaria. This study was also funded by the German National Genome Network (NGFNplus number 01GS08134, German Ministry for Education and Research); by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (NGFN 01GR0468, PopGen); and 01EW0908 in the frame of ERA-NET NEURON and Helmholtz Alliance Mental Health in an Ageing Society (HA-215), which was funded by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association. The French GWAS work was supported by the French National Agency of Research (ANR-08-MNP-012). This study was also funded by France-Parkinson Association, the French program “Investissements d'avenir” funding (ANR-10-IAIHU-06) and a grant from Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (PHRC, AOR-08010) for the French clinical data. This study was also sponsored by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund (grant to Sigurlaug Sveinbjörnsdóttir); Icelandic Research Council (grant to Sigurlaug Sveinbjörnsdóttir); and European Community Framework Programme 7, People Programme, and IAPP on novel genetic and phenotypic markers of Parkinson's disease and Essential Tremor (MarkMD), contract number PIAP-GA-2008-230596 MarkMD (to Hjörva Petursson and Johanna Huttenlocher). This study used the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (http://biowulf.nih.gov), and DNA panels, samples, and clinical data from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Human Genetics Resource Center DNA and Cell Line Repository. People who contributed samples are acknowledged in descriptions of every panel on the repository website. The authors thank the French Parkinson's Disease Genetics Study Group and the Drug Interaction with genes study group: Y. Agid, M. Anheim, A.-M. Bonnet, M. Borg, A. Brice, E. Broussolle, J.-C. Corvol, P. Damier, A. Destée, A. Dürr, F. Durif, A. Elbaz, D. Grabil, S. Klebe, P. Krack, E. Lohmann, L. Lacomblez, M. Martinez, V. Mesnage, P. Pollak, O. Rascol, F. Tison, C. Tranchant, M. Vérin, F. Viallet, and M. Vidailhet. The authors also thank the members of the French 3C Consortium: A. Alpérovitch, C. Berr, C. Tzourio, and P. Amouyel for allowing us to use part of the 3C cohort, and D. Zelenika for support in generating the genome-wide molecular data. The authors thank P. Tienari (Molecular Neurology Programme, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki), T. Peuralinna (Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital), L. Myllykangas (Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki), and R. Sulkava (Department of Public Health and General Practice Division of Geriatrics, University of Eastern Finland) for the Finnish controls (Vantaa85+ GWAS data). The authors used genome-wide association data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2) from UK patients with Parkinson's disease and UK control individuals from the 1958 Birth Cohort and National Blood Service. Genotyping of UK replication cases on ImmunoChip was part of the WTCCC2 project, which was funded by the Wellcome Trust (083948/Z/07/Z). UK population control data was made available through WTCCC1. This study was supported by the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust disease centre (grant WT089698/Z/09/Z to Nicholas Wood, John Hardy, and Anthony Schapira). As with previous International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium efforts, this study makes use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium. A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www.wtccc.org.uk. Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award 076113, 085475, and 090355. This study was also supported by Parkinson's UK (grants 8047 and J-0804) and the Medical Research Council (G0700943 and G1100643). The authors thank Jeffrey Barrett for assistance with the design of the ImmunoChip. DNA extraction work that was done in the UK was undertaken at University College London Hospitals, University College London, who received a proportion of funding from the Department of Health's National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres funding. This study was supported in part by the Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Joint Call in Neurodegeneration award (WT089698) to the Parkinson's disease Consortium (UKPDC), whose members are from the UCL Institute of Neurology, University of Sheffield, and the Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit at the University of Dundee. The work was also supported from the Tracking Parkinson's study, funded by Parkinson's UK, sponsored by Glasgow University, with support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) DeNDRoN network, the NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Unit based at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, and the NIHR funded Biomedical Research Centre in Cambridge. The Molecular Genetic Studies of Neurodegenerative Disorders was part-funded by Medical Research Council (G0501542). Steven Lubbe and Huw R Morris made the conception and design of the study. Steven Lubbe, Valentina Escott-Price, Nigel M. Williams, and Huw R. Morris performed data analysis and editing. Jose Bras, Alexis Brice, Thomas Gasser, John Hardy, Peter Heutink, Nicholas W Wood, Andy B. Singleton, Michael H. Laws, Donald G. Grosset, Camille B. Carroll, Florence Demenais, Mark M. Iles, D. Tom Bishop, Julia Newton-Bishop, and Huw R Morris performed sample and/or data collection. Donald G. Grosset reports grants from Parkinson's UK, the Paul Hamlyn Foundation, the Neurosciences Foundation, the Dystonia Society, and Michael's Movers. Huw R Morris reports grants from Medical Research Council UK, grants from Wellcome Trust, grants from Parkinson's UK, grants from Ipsen Fund, during the conduct of the study; grants from Motor Neuron Disease Association, grants from Welsh Assembly Government."