Rural and Urban Residence During Early Life is Associated with Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Inception and Birth Cohort Study

"when rural/urban status was determined at birth rurality was associated with lower risk of ibd development later in life ( figure 2 see supplementary data s2 ).; the sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the association between rural residence and incidence of ibd varied by the definition of rurality ( table 3 see supplementary data s1 ).; supplementary material supplementary data 1 click here for additional data file.; supplementary data 2 click here for additional data file."

"Guarantor of the article: Eric I. Benchimol, MD, PhD.: Specific author contributions: Eric I. Benchimol: study conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript, statistical analysis, and obtained funding; Gilaad G. Kaplan: study conception and design, establishment of Alberta cohort, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, and obtained funding; Anthony R. Otley: establishment of Nova Scotia cohort, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, and statistical analysis; Geoffrey C. Nguyen: study conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, and obtained funding; Fox E. Underwood: health geography expertise, classification of rural/urban postal codes, analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Astrid Guttmann: study conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, and obtained funding; Jennifer L. Jones: establishment of Nova Scotia cohort, study conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, and obtained funding; Beth K. Potter: study conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, and obtained funding; Christina A. Catley: Ontario data methodologist/analyst, analysis and interpretation of results, statistical analysis, technical support, and critical revision of the manuscript; Zoann Nugent: Manitoba data methodologist/analyst, analysis and interpretation of results, statistical analysis, technical support, and critical revision of the manuscript; Yunsong Cui: Nova Scotia data methodologist/analyst, analysis and interpretation of results, statistical analysis, technical support, and critical revision of the manuscript. Divine Tanyingoh: Alberta data methodologist/analyst, analysis and interpretation of results, statistical analysis, technical support, and critical revision of the manuscript; Nassim Mojaverian: Ontario data methodologist/analyst, analysis and interpretation of results, statistical analysis, technical support, and critical revision of the manuscript; Alain Bitton: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Matthew W. Carroll: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Jennifer deBruyn: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Trevor J.B. Drummer: establishment of Nova Scotia Cohort, analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Wael El-Matary: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Anne M. Griffiths: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Kevan Jacobson: analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, and obtained funding; M. Ellen Kuenzig: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Desmond Leddin: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Lisa M. Lix: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; David R. Mack: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Sanjay K. Murthy: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript. Juan Nicolás Peña Sánchez: analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision of the manuscript; Harminder Singh: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Laura E. Targownik: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Maria Vutcovici: analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision of the manuscript; Charles N. Bernstein: study conception and design, establishment of Manitoba cohort, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript, statistical analysis, and obtained funding.: Financial support: This research was funded by an independently administered, peer-reviewed operating grant from the Janssen Future Leaders in IBD Program. The grant sponsor had no role in the design, conduct, or interpretation of the research. CanGIEC is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Scheme. Eric Benchimol and Geoffrey Nguyen were supported by New Investigator Awards from CIHR, Crohn’s and Colitis Canada, and the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology. Eric Benchimol was also supported by a Career Development Award and the Career Enhancement Program from the Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program. Gilaad Kaplan and Geoffrey Nguyen were CIHR Embedded Clinician Research Chairs. Astrid Guttmann was supported by a CIHR Applied Chair in Reproductive and Child Health Services and Policy Research. Trevor Dummer and the Nova Scotia team were supported by an Establishment Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation. Charles Bernstein was supported in part by the Bingham Chair in Gastroenterology.: Potential competing interests: None."

"Financial support: This research was funded by an independently administered, peer-reviewed operating grant from the Janssen Future Leaders in IBD Program. The grant sponsor had no role in the design, conduct, or interpretation of the research. CanGIEC is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Scheme. Eric Benchimol and Geoffrey Nguyen were supported by New Investigator Awards from CIHR, Crohn’s and Colitis Canada, and the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology. Eric Benchimol was also supported by a Career Development Award and the Career Enhancement Program from the Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program. Gilaad Kaplan and Geoffrey Nguyen were CIHR Embedded Clinician Research Chairs. Astrid Guttmann was supported by a CIHR Applied Chair in Reproductive and Child Health Services and Policy Research. Trevor Dummer and the Nova Scotia team were supported by an Establishment Grant from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation. Charles Bernstein was supported in part by the Bingham Chair in Gastroenterology."