Clinical applications of intra-cardiac four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance: A systematic review.

"Competing interests None."

"Funding British Heart Foundation (FS/10/62/28409)"

"This systematic review was registered in the international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews (PROSPERO, registration number = CRD42016051438). The review protocol can be accessed online via the PROSPERO website . The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was adhered to when structuring this article . Conclusions: There are many proposed methods for using 4D flow CMR to quantify intra-cardiac flow. The evidence base is mainly mechanistic, featuring single-centred designs. Larger, multi-centre studies are required to validate the proposed techniques and investigate the clinical advantages that 4D flow CMR offers over standard practices.: PROSPERO = CRD42016051438."