Oral delivery of novel human IGF-1 bioencapsulated in lettuce cells promotes musculoskeletal cell proliferation, differentiation and diabetic fracture healing.

"Declaration of competing interest: The corresponding author is an inventor on several patents on expression of biopharmaceuticals in plants and his research was funded in the past by several major pharmaceutical companies including Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Johnson & Johnson and currently hemophilia research project is funded by Shire/Takeda. However, results presented here on IGF-1 is not funded by any industry or has no specific financial conflict of interest. All other authors do not report any conflict to report."

"Funding This study was supported by NIH Grants R01 GM 63879, R01 HL 107904, R01 HL 109442, R01 133191 grants to Henry Daniell, and R01 DE023105, R01 AR066101 to Shuying Yang. Declaration of competing interest: The corresponding author is an inventor on several patents on expression of biopharmaceuticals in plants and his research was funded in the past by several major pharmaceutical companies including Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Johnson & Johnson and currently hemophilia research project is funded by Shire/Takeda. However, results presented here on IGF-1 is not funded by any industry or has no specific financial conflict of interest. All other authors do not report any conflict to report."