Effects of Narrative Exposure Therapy on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Insomnia in Traumatized North Korean Refugee Youth.

"This research was supported by the Brain Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No. 2016M3C7A1904336) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. 2016R1A2B4011561)."

"The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of the University of Konstanz and the Samsung Medical Center Institutional Review Board, and the clinical trial was registered (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02852616); the study protocol is also available from the authors. This study was conducted in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, between July 2018 and April 2019. All participants were recruited through an alternative school for youth from North Korea and children of North Korean refugees who were born in China. A total of of 81 students were screened before admission into the study. Inclusion criterion was a diagnosis of PTSD according to criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5). Exclusion criteria were severe psychotic disorder, neurological disorder, acute suicidal behavior, or intellectual disabilities. All participants, and parents for all minors, provided written informed consent."