Biowarfare Pathogens. Is the Research Flavor Different Than That of Clinically Relevant Pathogens?

"The events from 9/11, in conjunction with expanded government funding for biowarfare research, has led to shifts in anti-infectives research operations. These include:–Interest in microbiology, molecular microbiology, and adjunctive technologies has increased in academic institutions. Especially evident is the use of comparative genomic and post-genomic strategies to identify pathogen targets.–There is an increase in collaborations between private industry, academics, and government labs. As more 3D crystallographic data is obtained on target proteins from biowarfare pathogens, massive parallel virtual screening efforts are being encouraged through government-sponsored programs . This will foster a better utilization of government-sponsored BL3 facilities.–There is the opportunity for researchers to work creatively by using clinically-relevant pathogens as surrogates for biowarfare pathogens: (i) B. cereus or B. subtilis for B. anthracis activity or (ii) Yersinia pseudotuberculosis for Y. pestis.–In contrast to the more traditional drug development sequence that requires Phase I–III studies, the FDA has created a new paradigm for approval of drugs for use against biowarfare agents .–A new paradigm for funding of biotech start-ups has occurred. Several companies have been started with minimal levels of venture support, but with substantial non-dilutive government funding. "