New haplochromine cichlid from the upper Miocene (9-10 MYA) of Central Kenya.

"source of data: comparative material (see additional file 1 : supplementary data s1 and additional file 2 : supplementary data s2) and literature: [ - ] we argue that + warilochromis cannot be allocated to the hemichromines pelmatochromines or chromidotilapiines for the following reasons (i) + warilochromis has fused hypural plates (fig 6 a) and no such fusion is known for species of the hemichromines or pelmatochromines (our own data and [ ]); and (ii) the shape of the crowns of the outer teeth as seen in labial view in + warilochromis (figs5 b-c) is unlike that reported for the chromidotilapiines in which the outer-row teeth have 'a unilaterally compressed cone the compression being manifest on the labial aspect of the crown' (greenwood [ ]:158).; consequently the comparative dataset comprises all cichlid tribes and lineages of the lake tanganyika radiation (see fig 1 b) as compiled in altner et al [ ] and newly assembled comparative data for the pelmatochromines hemichromines and chromidotilapiines (x-ray images of 42 species (14 genera 94 individuals see additional file 1 supplementary data s1 and additional file 2 : supplementary data s2).; for details concerning the degree of completeness of the dataset relating to the tribes and lineages of the lake tanganyika radiation see altner et al [ ]: p e1297819-5 and for similar information on the other datasets see additional file 1 : supplementary data s1.; we added the fossil taxon to the data matrix by inserting character states for four (of 28) characters (respective states given in brackets) i e numbers8(0) 11(0) 25(1) 27(1); these characters refer to the suture between the vomerine wing and the parasphenoid the total number of vertebrae the number of supraneural bones and the number of tubules on the lacrimal (see additional file 4 : supplementary data s4 and additional file 5 : s5).; a principal coordinates analysis (pcoa) was run using past [ ] version 3 18 in order to explore meristic-count variation between the new fossil taxon and the 16 modern pseudocrenilabrine tribes - in which the character combination single supraneural + exclusive unicuspid oral dentition (as seen in the fossil) can occur - on the basis of our comparative dataset (additional file 2 : supplementary data s2).; supplementary data s1.; supplementary data s2.; supplementary data s4.; analysis based on eight meristic characters and the number of supraneurals from the 16 pseudocrenilabrine tribes (26 lineages) shown in fig 7 ( n = 854; see additional file 2 : supplementary data s2 for raw data) and from + warilochromis unicuspidatus gen et sp nov.; availability of data and materials the datasets used and analysed during the current study are available in additional file 1 : supplementary data s1 additional file 2 : supplementary data s2 and additional file 4 : supplementary data s4. additional file 2 : supplementary data s2 for raw data"

"Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding Work on this project is funded by the German Research Foundation (Grant RE 1113/18–2). The funding body played no role in any aspect of the study itself, including its design, the sampling procedures employed, analysis and interpretation of the data and the writing of the manuscript."