Medication use, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, and acute care utilization after hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease.

"Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: J.J.N., K.B.D., R.Z.A., R.A.S., L.G., H.M.M., B.J.G., and C.F.C. report no conflicts of interest. S.M.M. received research funding from the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Ringful Health, LLC, and consults for Consistent Care Company. K.R.T. received consulting fees from Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca, Gilead, Goldfinch Bio, and Novo Nordisk."

"Funding: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK; grant number R34DK094016)."

"The study design and main results of the trial have been reported previously., Briefly, the CKD-MIT was designed to test the impact of a pharmacist-led, in-home medication management intervention compared to usual care on a primary composite outcome of acute care utilization (hospital readmissions and visits to emergency departments or urgent care centers) for 90 days following hospital discharge in adult participants with CKD 3–5 ND. The intervention involved assessment and resolution of medication discrepancies and medication errors during transition from hospital to home. Pharmacists additionally assessed suitability of medication use based on consideration of participants’ kidney function and other comorbidities, with the pharmacists recommending medication changes when appropriate. Participants enrolled in the CKD-MIT were adults (⩾21 years of age) with CKD 3–5 ND identified by at least two measures of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months during the year prior to the index hospital admission for acute illness. For study eligibility, eGFR was calculated based on local laboratory reports of creatinine values. A detailed review of prescription and non-prescription medication use was conducted at the baseline assessment within 7 days of hospital discharge."