Performance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia in Mozambique and Pakistan.

"CONFLICT OF INTERESTS The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests."

"This study was supported by grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1105080) and Save the Children. The authors would like to thank the dedicated study staff at Manhiça District Hospital in Manhiça, Mozambique and Sindh Government Children's Hospital–Poverty Eradication Initiative in Karachi, Pakistan for implementing the study and providing patient care. They would also like to thank Adelina Malembe and Zumilda A. Boca in Mozambique and Fariha Sohail and Zunera Qasim in Pakistan for conducting and interpreting the LUS exams. They would like to thank Campos Mucasse and Vania Afuale in Mozambique and Farrukh Abbasi, Zehra Aziz, Ghazala Sheikh, and Naveed Ahmad in Pakistan for general coordination and support of the study. At last, they would like to thank the trial participants, their caregivers, and the local community in Manhiça and Karachi for their participation and support. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge Nick Fancourt and Steve Lacey for their technical guidance in the chest radiograph (CXR) portion of the study, and the expert panel of CXR interpreters—Rachel Benamore, Vera Manduku, Eric McCollum, Kate Park, Joyce Sande, and Pui‐Ying Iroh Tam, as well as Angelo Giovanni Del Monaco for providing lung ultrasound (LUS) arbitration. They would also like to acknowledge Lilliam Ambroggio for her guidance in developing the standardized LUS and CXR forms."

"Children aged 2–23 months meeting the WHO IMCI chest‐indrawing pneumonia case definition in the outpatient and/or emergency departments of Manhiça District Hospital, a low‐volume, rural hospital in Manhiça and Sindh Government Children's Hospital–Poverty Eradication Initiative, a high‐volume, urban hospital in Karachi, were screened by study staff to determine eligibility (Table ; Figure ). The study was conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation, Good Clinical Practice, and the Declaration of Helsinki 2008, and was approved by the Western Institutional Review Board in the state of Washington; the Comité Institucional de Bioética em Saúde do Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (Manhiça); the Comité Nacional de Bioética em Saúde (Maputo, Mozambique; Ref. 246/CNBS/17); the Comite de Ética del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain); and the Aga Khan University Ethics Review Committee (Karachi). This study was registered NCT03187067 with ClinicalTrials.gov."