A meta-analysis of problem gambling risk factors in the general adult population.

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"Declaration of interests None."

"This study was funded by the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction through financial support from Mise sur Toi. The funder commissioned the study as part of a larger project of deriving Canada's first lower‐risk gambling guidelines. The contents of this paper are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funder. The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Rhys Stevens, librarian at the Alberta Gambling Research Institute, for his help locating studies, and Alana Guidry, research assistant at the University of Calgary, for her help locating and double‐coding studies for the meta‐analysis."

"This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) [] and Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines []. The study was exempted from ethical approval because the data were aggregated, already collected and publicly available. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42020149012. The PRISMA checklist is available in the ."