Use of multiple epinephrine doses in anaphylaxis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

"Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: P. J. Turner reports grants from the UK Food Standards Agency, JM Charitable Foundation, NIHR/Imperial Biomedical Research Centre and End Allergies Together, outside the submitted work; reports personal fees from the UK Food Standards Agency, DBV Technologies, Aimmune Therapeutics, Allergenis, and ILSI Europe outside the submitted work. R. J. Boyle reports grants from the UK Food Standards Agency, personal fees from Prota Therapeutics, DBV Technologies, the Cochrane Collaboration, and John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, as well as personal fees from giving expert testimony outside the submitted work. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest."

"This research was funded by a UK Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist award to P.J.T. (reference MR/K010468/1). N.P., R.J.B., and P.J.T. are supported through the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust and Imperial College London. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, NIHR, or the Department of Health. Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: P. J. Turner reports grants from the UK Food Standards Agency, JM Charitable Foundation, NIHR/Imperial Biomedical Research Centre and End Allergies Together, outside the submitted work; reports personal fees from the UK Food Standards Agency, DBV Technologies, Aimmune Therapeutics, Allergenis, and ILSI Europe outside the submitted work. R. J. Boyle reports grants from the UK Food Standards Agency, personal fees from Prota Therapeutics, DBV Technologies, the Cochrane Collaboration, and John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, as well as personal fees from giving expert testimony outside the submitted work. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest."

"This systematic review was registered at inception with PROSPERO (identifier CRD42017069109). The study is reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement 2009 and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology recommendations., Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for relevant studies reporting at least 10 anaphylaxis events (due to food or venom) from 1946 until January 2020. Data were extracted in duplicate for the meta-analysis, and the risk of bias was assessed. The study was registered under the PROSPERO identifier CRD42017069109."