No independent associations between physical activity and clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.

"Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"AcknowledgmentsThe authors are thankful to Monica Pinheiro, MD, MSc, and Roberta Costa, MSc, both from Ibirapuera Field Hospital, for the assistance with the study; all the staff members from both centers; and all the patients who participated in this study. AJP, KFG, IHM, ALF, RMRP, and BG were supported by São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP (grants No. 2015/26937-4, No. 2019/18039-7, No. 2019/24782-4, No. 2020/11102-2, No. 2016/00006-7 and No. 2020/05752-4, and No. 2017/13552-2). RMRP, HR, and BG were supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (grants No. 305556/2017-7, No. 301571/2017-1, and No. 301914/2017-6). Funding source had no involvement in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication."

"This is a prospective cohort study nested within a multicenter randomized controlled trial designed to test the safety and efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04449718), conducted between June 2, 2020 and October 7, 2020 and published elsewhere. We assessed patients’ clinical status, coexisting chronic diseases, demographic characteristics, self-reported body weight and height, ethnicity, and PA upon hospital admission. Clinical outcomes were assessed through medical records."