Skin damage induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with UVB is mediated by activating cell pyroptosis via the NLRP3 inflammasome-autophagy-exosomal pathway.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateAll animal experiments were followed the guidelines of animal center institute and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (Approval No.: 106202). Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper."

"Funding This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan through Grants MOST 106-2314-B-006-029-MY3, MOST 108-2638-B-006-001-MY2, MOST 108-2314-B-039-061-MY3, MOST 109-2314-B-006-051-MY3."