Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter modifies the association between physical activity and hypertension incidence.

"Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"AcknowledgmentsThis study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFE0115300 and 2017YFC0211703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91643208, 82073658, and 91843302), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-1-010, 2017-I2M-1-004, and 2019-I2M-2-003), Research Unit of Prospective Cohort of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU038), and the China Medical Board (15-220). The work of Y Liu was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (Award #1R01ES032140). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank the staff and participants of the China-PAR project for their important participation and contribution."