Impact of Cold-Water Immersion Compared with Passive Recovery Following a Single Bout of Strenuous Exercise on Athletic Performance in Physically Active Participants: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Meta-regression.

"Declarations FundingOpen Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. Emma Moore is supported by a Research Training Program (Domestic) Scholarship from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Training. Conflict of interestEmma Moore, Joel T. Fuller, Sienna Saunders, Shona L. Halson, James R. Broatch and Clint R. Bellenger declare that they have no conflict of interest. Jonathan D. Buckley is a recipient of a grant from the Norwood Football Club to evaluate effects of cold-water immersion on recovery of athletic performance. Norwood Football Club had no involvement with the current manuscript. Author contributionsEmma Moore, Jonathan D. Buckley, Shona L. Halson, James R. Broatch and Clint R. Bellenger contributed to the design of the review and completion of the search strategy. Emma Moore and Sienna Saunders completed data screening and data extraction. Joel T. Fuller was responsible for the meta-analysis. Emma Moore drafted the manuscript. All authors edited and revised the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conflict of interest Emma Moore, Joel T. Fuller, Sienna Saunders, Shona L. Halson, James R. Broatch and Clint R. Bellenger declare that they have no conflict of interest. Jonathan D. Buckley is a recipient of a grant from the Norwood Football Club to evaluate effects of cold-water immersion on recovery of athletic performance. Norwood Football Club had no involvement with the current manuscript."

"Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. Emma Moore is supported by a Research Training Program (Domestic) Scholarship from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Training."

"Protocol registration: Open Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/SRB9D."