Measurement of particulate matter 2.5 in surgical smoke and its health hazards.

"Declarations Conflict of interestK.O. received an honorarium from Stryker Japan Inc., CONMED Japan Inc., Johnson & Johnson Inc., and Meilleur Inc. T.H. received an honorarium from Japan Medicalnext Inc, Ltd. and Stryker Japan Inc. The funding source had no role in the design, practice, or analysis of this study. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethical approvalThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Japan Baptist Hospital (Approval No. 19–11). Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from all the patients enrolled in the study. All the procedures in the study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Conflict of interest K.O. received an honorarium from Stryker Japan Inc., CONMED Japan Inc., Johnson & Johnson Inc., and Meilleur Inc. T.H. received an honorarium from Japan Medicalnext Inc, Ltd. and Stryker Japan Inc. The funding source had no role in the design, practice, or analysis of this study. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare."

"Funding There are no funding sources."