Evaluation of thermal sensitivity is of potential clinical utility for the predictive, preventive, and personalized approach advancing metabolic syndrome management.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University (approval no. DJDSKH-17-BM-12) and the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Institutional Review Board (approval no. I-1703/002–002). All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study. Consent for publicationWritten informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding This study was funded by the Development of Korean Medicine Original Technology for Preventive Treatment based on Integrative Big Data (grant number KSN2022120) from the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine."