Combined exposure to fine particulate matter and high glucose aggravates endothelial damage by increasing inflammation and mitophagy: the involvement of vitamin D.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateAll animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines for animal care of National Taiwan University (IACUC Approval No: 20180426) and complied with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 86-23, revised in 1985). Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors have no competing interests to declare. Competing interests The authors have no competing interests to declare."

"Funding This work was supported by research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 109-2811-B-002-537), the National Taiwan University Hospital (109-S4728) and the Chang Gung Medical Research Program Foundation (Grants CMRPF6K0081and CMRPF6K0082)."