Human IPSC 3D brain model as a tool to study chemical-induced dopaminergic neuronal toxicity.

"Declaration of Competing Interest: Thomas Hartung, Helena Hogberg and David Pamies are named inventors on a patent by Johns Hopkins University on the production of mini-brains (aka BrainSpheres), which is licensed to AxoSim, New Orleans, LA, USA. They and Lena Smirnova consult AxoSim and Thomas Hartung and Helena Hogberg are shareholders. Thomas Hartung consults AstraZeneca, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), InSphero and Apellis Pharmaceuticals on Microphysiological Systems."

"This work was supported by NIH NCATS (grant U18TR000547 “A 3D Model of Human Brain Development for Studying Gene/Environment Interactions”, PIs Hartung and Hogberg) and Alternatives Research & Development Foundation (“A 3D in vitro ‘mini-brain’ model to study Parkinson’s disease”, PIs Hartung and Hogberg). International Foundation for Ethical Research Graduate Fellowship Funding provided to Georgina Harris. CRediT authorship contribution statement: David Pamies: Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Daphne Wiersma: Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Moriah E. Katt: Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Supervision. Liang Zhong: Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Johannes Burtscher: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Georgina Harris: Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Lena Smirnova: Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Peter C. Searson: Supervision. Thomas Hartung: Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition. Helena T. Hogberg: Conceptualization."