Evidence-Based and Emerging Dietary Approaches to Upper Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

"CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Guarantor of the article: Jan Tack, MD, PhD. Specific author contributions: All authors: reviewing final document for content. J.T.: literature search, draft section writings, introduction, and section on esophageal disorders. F.C.: section of functional dyspepsia, FODMAP, and confocal laser endomicroscopy based. V.T.: section on gluten elimination and cold/hot diet. H.T.: section on gastroparesis. Financial support: None to report. Potential competing interests: None to report.Study HighlightsWHAT IS KNOWN✓ Food ingestion is a major symptom trigger in functional esophageal and gastroduodenal disorders and gastroparesis.✓ This review summarizes current knowledge and identifies areas of research on the role of food factors and the opportunities for dietary intervention in these disorders.WHAT IS NEW HERE✓ In functional dyspepsia, recent studies show potential efficacy of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols.✓ Reports of favorable responses to gluten elimination in functional dyspepsia are confounded by the concomitant benefit of reduced intake of fructans.✓ Emerging data based on a 6-food elimination diet and confocal laser endomicroscopic evaluation of mucosal responses to food proteins suggest a role for duodenal allergic reactions in functional dyspepsia symptom generation.✓ In gastroparesis, a low-residue diet has been shown to improve symptoms."

"Financial support: None to report."