The unfulfilled potential of mucosal immunization.

"Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: J. R. Baker is an inventor on patents for a nanoemulsion adjuvant and vaccines. This technology has been licensed to Blue Willow Biologics, and the University of Michigan has a financial interest in Blue Willow Biologics. This research is recognized in references 83 and 84. J. R. Baker is also on the Scientific Advisory Board for Aimmune and Moonlight Therapeutics, owns stock in Merck, and has received consulting fees from Takeda, GlaxoSmithKline, and HAL Allergy. P. T. Wong is an inventor on patents for a nanoemulsion adjuvant and vaccines. This technology has been licensed to Blue Willow Biologics, and the University of Michigan has a financial interest in Blue Willow Biologics. J. J. O’Konek is an inventor on patents for a nanoemulsion adjuvant for the suppression of allergic disease (PCT/US2015/054943 and PCT/US2021/065576). This technology has been licensed to Blue Willow Biologics, and the University of Michigan has a financial interest in Blue Willow Biologics. This research is recognized in references 83 and 84. J. J. O’Konek has received funding from Blue Willow as a subcontractor on a Small Business Innovation Research contract from the National Institutes of Health (grant no. 75N93019C00035). M. Farazuddin has no relevant conflicts of interest."

"Supported by the Michigan Nanotechnology Institute, the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and grants N01 AI090031 to J.R.B. and R21 AI155944 to J.J.O."