Preexisting comorbidities shape the immune response associated with severe COVID-19.

"spectral flow cytometry data used for this study are available from mendeley data at https://doi org/10 17632/ffkvft27ds2 ."

"Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest."

"Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Switzerland (grants 733 310030_170320, 310030_188450, and CRSII5_183478 to B.B, 31CA30_195883 [to S.K., M.C., M.B., and B.B.]), The LOOP Zurich, the 10.13039/501100008494Vontobel Foundation (to B.B.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant 847782 [to B.B. and A.R.]), and the 10.13039/501100000781European Research Council (grant 882424 [to B.B.]), the Agence National de la Recherche and Region Pays de la Loire - Flash COVID-19:COVARDS project (to A.R.), the INSPIRE regional initiative (to R.L.), and the French Ministry of Health with the participation of the Groupement Interrégional de Recherche Clinique et d’Innovation Sud-Ouest Outre-Mer (PHRCI 2020 IMMUNOMARK-COV [to R.L. and G.M.-B.]). S. Kreutmair is the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. N.G.N. is the recipient of a University Research Priority Program postdoctoral fellowship. F.I. received a PhD fellowship from the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes."