Could Repeated Cardio-Renal Injury Trigger Late Cardiovascular Sequelae in Extreme Endurance Athletes?

"Declarations FundingNo sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article. Open access funding was provided by University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck. Conflicts of interest/Competing interestsJames Keefe is a participant in the Speaker Bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Janssen and Lilly. He is also Chief Medical Officer and Founder of CardioTabs, a nutraceutical company, and has a major ownership interest in that company. Hans-Georg Predel holds a leadership position in the German Hypertension Society. Johannes Burtscher, Paul-Emmanuel Vanderriele, Matthieu Legrand, Josef Niebauer, Grégoire Millet and Martin Burtscher declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review. Authors’ contributionsConceptualization, JB, MB; literature review and discussion, JB, PEV, ML, HGP, JN, JHO, GPM, MB; illustration, JB; writing and proof reading, JB, PEV, ML, HGP, JN, JHO, GPM, MB. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conflicts of interest/Competing interests James Keefe is a participant in the Speaker Bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Janssen and Lilly. He is also Chief Medical Officer and Founder of CardioTabs, a nutraceutical company, and has a major ownership interest in that company. Hans-Georg Predel holds a leadership position in the German Hypertension Society. Johannes Burtscher, Paul-Emmanuel Vanderriele, Matthieu Legrand, Josef Niebauer, Grégoire Millet and Martin Burtscher declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review."

"Funding No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article. Open access funding was provided by University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck."