Excess deaths in the United States during the first year of COVID-19.

"Disclosure of funding and conflicts of interest Research reported in this publication was supported by the 10.13039/100000049National Institute on Aging and the 10.13039/100000179Office of the Director, 10.13039/100000002National Institutes of Health, under Award Number P01AG005842. The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. I thank Neil Mathur and Daniel Podratsky for helpful research assistance. Ruhm has served as a plaintiff's consultant for ongoing opioid litigation. His role was unrelated to any aspect of this study. Declaration of Competing Interest Ruhm has served as a plaintiff's consultant in ongoing opioid litigation. This role is not related to any aspect of this study."

"Funding 10.13039/100000049National Institute on Aging; 10.13039/100000179Office of the Director, 10.13039/100000002National Institutes of Health."