Risk of all-cause mortality according to the European Society of Cardiology risk categories in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study.

"Declarations Conflict of interestEO: consultant fees from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, and lecture fees from Astellas. AS: consultant fees from Axxam, Bayer, and Novo Nordisk, and lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis. EB: consultant fees from Abbott, Bayer, Becton Dickinson, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. MVi: lecture fees from MundiPharma and Novo Nordisk. MG: consultant fees from Eli Lilly, and lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novo Nordisk. CF: lecture fees from Abbot, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, and Theras Lifetech. RT: consultant fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis, and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. MVe: lecture fees from Lifescan and Novo Nordisk. FC: consultant fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, and lecture fees from AstraZeneca. LL: consultant fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, MOVI, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Terumo, and lecture fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Menarini, Merck Sharp & Dohme, MOVI, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Terumo. SM: none. GPu: consultant fees from Abbot, Bayer, and Novo Nordisk, and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. Ethical approvalAll procedures performed in this studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the coordinating center (Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy) on September 25, 2006 (number 43/2006), and subsequently by the ethics committee of each participating center. Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Conflict of interest EO: consultant fees from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, and lecture fees from Astellas. AS: consultant fees from Axxam, Bayer, and Novo Nordisk, and lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis. EB: consultant fees from Abbott, Bayer, Becton Dickinson, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. MVi: lecture fees from MundiPharma and Novo Nordisk. MG: consultant fees from Eli Lilly, and lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novo Nordisk. CF: lecture fees from Abbot, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, and Theras Lifetech. RT: consultant fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis, and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. MVe: lecture fees from Lifescan and Novo Nordisk. FC: consultant fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, and lecture fees from AstraZeneca. LL: consultant fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, MOVI, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Terumo, and lecture fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Menarini, Merck Sharp & Dohme, MOVI, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Terumo. SM: none. GPu: consultant fees from Abbot, Bayer, and Novo Nordisk, and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk."

"Funding Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This research was supported by the Research Foundation of the Italian Diabetes Society (Diabete Ricerca) and the Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (DEM) Foundation, and by unconditional grants from Eli-Lilly, Sigma-Tau, Takeda, Chiesi Farmaceutici, and Boehringer-Ingelheim. The funding sources had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript."

"Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481."