Increased serum 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels are correlated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in both children and adults with diabetes.

"Declarations Conflict of interestThe authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Ethical approvalThis study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital (approval number: 2013KY023, 2018KY209) and the Ethics Committee of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (approval number: 01[2018]). Informed consentInformed consent was obtained from legal guardians of children and all adult participants included in the study. Conflict of interest The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article."

"Funding This work was funded by Chinese National Key Research and Development Program (Project No. 2021YFC2702100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 82071012), The Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Project No. 20DZ1100200), Shanghai Municipal Commission of Hhealth (public health system three-year plan-Key Subjects) (Project No. GWV10.1-XK7), The Project of Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital Development Centre (Grant No. SHDC2020CR30538, SHDC2018110), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China (Project No. 19DZ2250100), and Shanghai General Hospital, Clinical Research CTCCR-2018Z01."