Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future.

"Declarations FundingThis article is based on a presentation by Brendan Egan to the GSSI Expert Panel Virtual Meeting in October 2021. An honorarium for participation in the meeting and preparation of this article was provided by the GSSI. No other sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article. Studies from ME and BE cited in this review were funded in part by an Irish Research Council Enterprise Partnership Postgraduate Fellowship (EPSPG2016177). The Irish Research Council is an associated agency of the Department of Education and Skills and operates under the aegis of the Higher Education Authority of Ireland. Studies from AK and TM cited in this review were funded in part by the United States Department of Defense, and research funding from the Swezey Fund, and the Jewell, Moore and MacKenzie Fund. Conflicts of interestIn the past 36 months, BE has received speaking honoraria from Pruvit Ventures, LLC, and Metabolic Health Initiative, LLC. In the past 36 months, APK has received honorarium from American College of Sports Medicine, Stanford University, and Metabolic Health Initiative, LLC, and provided consultation to Simply Good Foods Inc. APK is an inventor on pending patents “Compositions and Methods for Weight Loss Maintenance” and “Prevention of Muscle Wasting with Ketone Supplementation”. At the time of this publication, pending patents were still under review. Should patents become accepted, APK will receive a share under the patent terms prescribed by the University of South Florida. TSM and ME declare no conflicts of interest, and do not have any financial disclosures. Author contributionsME, TSM, APK, and BE conceptualised the review. ME and TSM developed and wrote the initial drafts of the manuscript with feedback from BE. ME, TSM, APK, and BE developed and wrote advanced drafts of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Availability of data and materialNot applicable. Code availabilityNot applicable. Ethical approvalNot applicable. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Conflicts of interest In the past 36 months, BE has received speaking honoraria from Pruvit Ventures, LLC, and Metabolic Health Initiative, LLC. In the past 36 months, APK has received honorarium from American College of Sports Medicine, Stanford University, and Metabolic Health Initiative, LLC, and provided consultation to Simply Good Foods Inc. APK is an inventor on pending patents “Compositions and Methods for Weight Loss Maintenance” and “Prevention of Muscle Wasting with Ketone Supplementation”. At the time of this publication, pending patents were still under review. Should patents become accepted, APK will receive a share under the patent terms prescribed by the University of South Florida. TSM and ME declare no conflicts of interest, and do not have any financial disclosures."

"Funding Open Access funding provided by the IReL Consortium. Funding This article is based on a presentation by Brendan Egan to the GSSI Expert Panel Virtual Meeting in October 2021. An honorarium for participation in the meeting and preparation of this article was provided by the GSSI. No other sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article. Studies from ME and BE cited in this review were funded in part by an Irish Research Council Enterprise Partnership Postgraduate Fellowship (EPSPG2016177). The Irish Research Council is an associated agency of the Department of Education and Skills and operates under the aegis of the Higher Education Authority of Ireland. Studies from AK and TM cited in this review were funded in part by the United States Department of Defense, and research funding from the Swezey Fund, and the Jewell, Moore and MacKenzie Fund."