G6PD promotes cell proliferation and dexamethasone resistance in multiple myeloma via increasing anti-oxidant production and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

"butanoate metabolism d elisa analysis showed serum dheas levels in healthy people and newly diagnosed mm patients e diagrammatic sketch of dhea and its transformation to the more stable sulfate ester dheas by hst f mrna levels of g6pd were significantly increased in mm samples based on the one-way anova g h kaplan-meier analysis showing the association between g6pd expression with os in tt2 ( g ) and hovon65 ( h ) cohorts based on a log-rank test table 1 top 10 differential metabolites between the serums of ctrl group and mm group name fdr p value vip fold change kegg glucose-6-phosphate 4 20e-20 1 59e-21 1 0519 69 1344 c00092 5-oxoete 1 78e-18 8 37e-20 1 8185 48 5672 c14732 gamma-linolenic acid 1 04e-21 2 32e-23 1 3615 38 1415 c06426 9-hydroxy-1012-octadecadienoic acid 1 01e-21 1 46e-23 1 4092 37 4001 c14767 eicosapentaenoic acid 9 78e-22 1 04e-23 1 7995 31 9019 c06428 docosahexaenoic acid 5 89e-22 2 67e-24 1 9917 27 7889 c06429 prostaglandin e1 1 63e-21 4 34e-23 1 9103 16 2286 c04741 5-hete 3 74e-21 1 08e-22 2 6457 12 8818 c04805 dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate 6 14e-07 9 69e-08 1 2119 12 0211 c04555 9-hydroxy-1012-octadecadienoic acid 1 55e-18 6 91e-20 1 7806 10 8084 c14767 based on publicly available datasets from ncbi gene expression omnibus (gse2658 and gse5900) we found that g6pd mrna expression was significantly increased during mm progression from normal bone marrow plasma cells (np n = 22) and in "premalignant" individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (mgus n = 44) to malignant plasma cells of newly diagnosed mm (mm n = 351) (fig 1 f).; the rna-seq datasets generated for this study were also deposited in ncbi geo database (accession number gse172318). availability of data and materials publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. the data can be found here: https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/geo/query/acc cgi? acc=gse2658"

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateAll animal procedures were conducted in accordance with government-published recommendations for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Animal Ethical and Experimental Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (No. ACU170501). The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Board and the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Competing interests The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."

"Funding This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 82173849 (to CG); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20200097 (to CG); Jiangsu Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program KYCX22_1997 (to MK)."