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"Competing interests GK has held research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Sotio, Tollys, Vascage, and Vasculox/Tioma. GK has consulted for Reithera and is on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France. GK is a scientific co-founder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, and Therafast Bio. GK is the inventor of multiple patents covering the therapeutic targeting of aging, cancer, cystic fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Among these, patents were licensed to Bayer (WO2014020041-A1 and WO2014020043-A1), Bristol-Myers Squibb (WO2008057863-A1), Osasuna Therapeutics (WO2019057742A1), Pharmamar (WO2022049270A1 and WO2022048775-A1), Raptor Pharmaceuticals (EP2664326-A1), Samsara Therapeutics (GB202017553D0), and Therafast Bio (EP3684471A1). The other authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Project (2018YFE0113500 to JX), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82020108002 and 82225005 to JX), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21XD1421300 and 20DZ2255400 to JX), the “Dawn” Program of Shanghai Education Commission (19SG34 to JX), and the Sailing Program from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (21YF1413700 to YQ). GK is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)-Projets blancs; AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Cancéropôle Ile-de-France; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); a donation by Elior; Equipex Onco-Pheno-Screen; European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases (EJPRD); Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Projects Oncobiome and Crimson; Fondation Carrefour; Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Institut Universitaire de France; LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001); a Cancer Research ASPIRE Award from the Mark Foundation; the RHU Immunolife; Seerave Foundation; SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); and SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM). This study contributes to the IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. CLO is supported by the European Union (DeAge ERC Advanced Grant), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad (Spain), and the SAF program from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain). BFG is supported by La Red de Investigación en Ciencias del Deporte “in motu salus”, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Spain."