New therapies for obesity.

"Conflict of interest: D.P. has acted as speaker for Novo Nordisk and has received grants from Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation, Academy of Medical Sciences/Diabetes UK, and Health Education East Midlands. C.W.l.R. reports grants from the Irish Research Council, Science Foundation Ireland, Anabio, and the Health Research Board. He serves on the advisory boards of Novo Nordisk, Herbalife, GI Dynamics, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi Aventis, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glia, and Boehringer Ingelheim. C.W.l.R. is a member of the Irish Society for Nutrition and Metabolism outside the area of work commented on here. He is the chief medical officer and director of the Medical Device Division of Keyron since January 2011. Both of these are unremunerated positions. C.W.l.R. was a previous investor in Keyron, which develops endoscopically implantable medical devices intended to mimic the surgical procedures of sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. The product has only been tested in rodents and none of Keyron’s products are currently licensed. They do not have any contracts with other companies to put their products into clinical practice. No patients have been included in any of Keyron’s studies and they are not listed on the stock market. C.W.l.R. was gifted stock holdings in September 2021 and divested all stock holdings in Keyron in September 2021. He continues to provide scientific advice to Keyron for no remuneration. J.J.H. is a member of advisory boards for Novo Nordisk and has acted as a speaker for Novo Nordisk and Lilly. M.J.D. has acted as consultant, advisory board member and speaker for Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi, an advisory board member and speaker for AstraZeneca, an advisory board member for Janssen, Lexicon, Pfizer, and ShouTi Pharma Inc., a speaker for Napp Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc. and has received grants in support of investigator and investigator initiated trials from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astrazeneca, and Janssen."

"Funding This work was supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre. D.P. is funded through an National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinical Lectureship."