Proinflammatory activity of VEGF-targeted treatment through reversal of tumor endothelial cell anergy.

"Declarations Competing interestsThe authors have no competing interests. Competing interests The authors have no competing interests."

"Funding Open access funding provided by University of Geneva."

"The clinical samples used for evaluation were primary tumors from patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), who were treated with either presurgical sunitinib (n = 35) or presurgical bevacizumab (n = 33). RCC tissues from previously untreated patients were used as controls (n = 53). All samples were obtained from retrospective studies or phase II clinical trials, as we previously reported on in earlier papers [, ]. The clinical study with preoperative sunitinib treatment was carried out at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and is registered under EudraCT 2006–006,491-38 (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu) and at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) in Houston, Texas (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00715442). Patients received a standard therapy of 50 mg sunitinib (2 cycles, 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off therapy) and underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy. Tumor samples obtained from a phase II trial of presurgical bevacizumab completed at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00113217) were used. In this single-arm phase II trial, enrolled patients with primary metastatic clear-cell RCC received four doses (10 mg/kg of body weight) of bevacizumab administrated intravenously every 14 days []."