Primary versus deferred ureteroscopy for the management of obstructive anuria secondary to ureteric urolithiasis in children: a prospective randomized study.

"Declarations Conflict of interestThe authors declare no competing interests. Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)."

"This prospective randomized clinical study included 120 children presenting with obstructive anuria secondary to ureteric urolithiasis at our institution between March 2019 and January 2021. The children were subdivided into two groups depending on the timing of URS: group A included children who had undergone primary URS without pre-stenting, while group B included children who had undergone URS after ureteric stenting using a 4.8–6 Fr JJ stent. The study included children aged ≤12 years, clinically compensated, and sepsis-free. Children with underlying structural urological abnormalities or who were clinically ill were excluded from the study. The data (patients’ age; sex; and stone laterality, and size) were collected after obtaining study approval from the ethics committee of our institution URO016-1-185. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier no. NCT04980079). Before endoscopic management, informed written consent was obtained from parents of all the children included in the study."