Hard-Candy Consumption Does Not Have an Effect on Volume and pH of Gastric Content in Patients Undergoing Elective Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

"Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work."

"This study received funding from the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (IO: R016531057). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."

"This rater-blinded, randomized, controlled study was conducted at a tertiary-care, university-affiliated teaching hospital. Before starting the research, its protocol was approved by the Siriraj Institutional Review Board, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (approval number SI188/2564). The study was registered at the Thai Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20210625006). The recruited participants were outpatients scheduled for EGD and colonoscopy under anesthesia between October and December 2021. Patients were enrolled if they were aged between 18 and 70 years,had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of I to III,had undergone fasting following the standard ASA guidelines, andwere able to comprehend spoken and written Thai."