Exercise-Induced Excessive Blood Pressure Elevation Is Associated with Cardiac Dysfunction in Male Patients with Essential Hypertension.

"Disclosure The funding bodies were not involved in the study design, data collection or analysis, or writing of the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest."

"This study was funded by Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (No. 20210204119YY) and Health Science and Technology Ability Improvement Project of Jilin Province (No. 2022LC103). Disclosure: The funding bodies were not involved in the study design, data collection or analysis, or writing of the manuscript."

"This retrospective study included a total of 386 18–60-year-old male patients with essential hypertension admitted to outpatient department of cardiovascular disease of the First Hospital of Jilin University from September 2018 to January 2021. Patients with abnormal cardiac structure (105) and patients who disagreed to undergo CPET (181) were excluded from this study. The normal cardiac structure was defined by echocardiographic measurement from M-mode echocardiogram in the parasternal long-axis view as follows: (1) left atrium anteroposterior diameter is 19–39 mm, (2) left ventricular end diastolic diameter is 35–55 mm, (3) interventricular septal depth is 7–11 mm, (4) left ventricular posterior wall thickness is 7–11 mm, (5) left ventricular ejection fraction is ≥50% in resting state, and (6) left ventricular mass index ≤115 g/m2. The retrospective study protocol was approved by medical ethics committee of the First Hospital of Jilin University (AF-IRB-032-06 No. 2021-015). The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Register, registration number: ChiCTR2100053140. Conclusion: EH patients have impaired autonomic nervous function and are prone to exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction. EH patients with exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction have reduced peak cardiac output and exercise tolerance and impaired vascular diastolic function. CPET examination should be performed on EH patients and EH patients with exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction to develop precise drug therapy and effective individual exercise prescription, to avoid arteriosclerosis and exercise-induced cardiac damage. The retrospective study protocol was approved by medical ethics committee of the First Hospital of Jilin University (AF-IRB-032-06 No. 2021-015). The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Register, registration number: ChiCTR2100053140."