Smoking is an independent risk factor for stricture recurrence after the urethroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

"CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None declared."

"This meta-analysis was performed according to the principle of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) (). This meta-analysis has been registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021277661). We conducted a pre-analysis to assess feasibility before entirely conducting this meta-analysis. When a preliminary literature search is carried out, and it is clear that a considerable number of high-quality, relevant studies have been published, we will conduct a follow-up detailed search and data sorting and analysis. That is why in PROSPERO registration, we truthfully mentioned that formal screening of search results against eligibility criteria and risk of bias (quality) assessment began before submission to PROSPERO. Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify potential studies. The latest search date was July 1, 2022. Keywords included urethroplasty, smoking, smoker, tobacco consumption, and stricture recurrence. Furthermore, the reference part of every candidate literature was manually screened to find possible data sources."