Impact of accumulative smoking exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on COVID-19 outcomes: report based on findings from the Japan COVID-19 task force.

"Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no competing interests to declare."

"Funding This study was supported by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; JP20nk0101612, JP20fk0108415, JP21jk0210034, JP21km0405211, and JP21km0405217), Japan Science and Technology Agency Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST CREST; JPMJCR20H2), Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW; 20CA2054), Takeda Science Foundation, Mitsubishi Foundation, and the Bioinformatics Initiative of Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University. The funding agencies had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication."