Efficacy of Dapagliflozin by Baseline Diabetes Medications: A Prespecified Analysis From the DAPA-CKD Study.

"Duality of Interest. The trial was funded by AstraZeneca. F.P. has served as a consultant, on advisory boards, or as educator for AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Mundipharma, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, and Amgen, and has received research grants to the institution from Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Amgen, and AstraZeneca. G.D.L. has received lecture fees from Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and Janssen, and has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. G.M.C. has received fees from AstraZeneca for service on the DAPA-CKD trial steering committee, serves on the board of directors for Satellite Healthcare, has served on other trial steering committees for Akebia, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Sanifit, and Vertex, and on data safety monitoring boards for Angion, Bayer, Mineralys, and ReCor, and has served as an advisor and received fees and/or stock options from Ardelyx, CloudCath, Cricket, DiaMedica, Durect, DxNow, Miromatrix, Outset, Physiowave, and Unicycive. J.J.V.M. has received payments to his employer, Glasgow University, for his work on clinical trials, consulting, and other activities from AstraZeneca, Cytokinetics, KBP Biosciences, Amgen, Bayer, Theracos, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Dalcor Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardurion, and Alnylam, and has received personal lecture fees from Abbott, Alkem Metabolics, Eris Life Sciences, Hickma, Lupin, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Medscape/Heart.org, ProAdWise Communications, Radcliffe Cardiology, Servier, and the Corpus. A.M.L. and C.D.S. are employees and stockholders of AstraZeneca. R.C.-R. has received honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, and Boehringer Ingelheim, has lectured for Amgen, Janssen, Takeda, AstraZeneca, and Boehringer Ingelheim, and has received research support from GlaxoSmithKline, Novo Nordisk, and AstraZeneca. P.R. has received honoraria to Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen for steering group membership and/or lectures and advice from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, and Eli Lilly, advisory board participation from Sanofi Aventis and Boehringer Ingelheim, and steering group participation from Gilead. R.D.T. reports consultancy fees from Akebia, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Chinook Pharma, Medscape, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Reata, and Vifor. D.C.W. has received consultancy fees from AstraZeneca and personal fees from Amgen, Astellas, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Napp, Mundipharma, Reata, Tricida, Vifor Fresenius, and Zydus. H.J.L.H. has received honoraria paid to his institution (University Medical Center Groningen) for participation in steering committees from AstraZeneca, Janssen, Gilead, Bayer, Chinook, and CSL Pharma, honoraria for participation in advisory boards from Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Janssen, and Mundipharma, fees for consultancy from AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Retrophin, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novo Nordisk, and research grant support from AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Janssen, and Boehringer Ingelheim. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported."

"Funding. R.D.T. was supported in part by the endowments from the Mary M. Conroy Professorship and the Houston J. and Florence A. Doswell Center for the Development of New Approaches for the Treatment of Hypertension. G.M.C. has received research grants from National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases."

"DAPA-CKD was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial conducted at 386 clinical practice sites in 21 countries (NCT03036150). The trial design and primary results have been published previously (,). DAPA-CKD recruited 4,304 participants with CKD with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25–75 mL/min/1.73 m2 and a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 200–5,000 mg/g, with or without type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes, polycystic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, or anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis, as well as those receiving immunotherapy for primary or secondary kidney disease within 6 months prior to enrolment were excluded. All eligible participants were receiving treatment with a stable dose of an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker for ≥4 weeks prior to randomization, unless there was a documented intolerance to these drugs ()."