Gender, Personality, and Cognitive Resilience Against Early-Life Disadvantage.

"Conflict of Interest None declared."

"Funding The MHAS is partly sponsored by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging (grant number NIH R01AG018016) in the United States and the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) in Mexico. J.S. recognizes support from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging under grant R00AG058799. S.M. acknowledges support by a research career development award (K12HD052023: Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health Program-BIRCWH; Berenson, PI) from the National Institutes of Health/Office of the Director (OD)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development. S.A.M. is also supported by the National Institute on Aging (P30AG059301, Markides, PI; P30AG024832, Volpi, PI; and K01AG075254)."