INCREASING EVIDENCE FOR THE SAFETY OF FOVEA-INVOLVING HALF-DOSE PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR CHRONIC CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.

"S. Fauser is an employee of F. Hoffmann-La Roche. None of the authors has any financial/conflicting interests to disclose."

"H. M. A. Feenstra was supported by the Blindenhulp Fellowship from Stichting Blindenhulp (The Hague, the Netherlands). This research was also supported by the following foundations: Stichting Ooglijders (Rotterdam, the Netherlands); Stichting Macula Fonds; Retina Nederland Onderzoek Fonds; Stichting Blinden-Penning; Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter Voorkoming van Blindheid; Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden, which contributed through UitZicht (Delft, the Netherlands); Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen (Rotterdam, the Netherlands); Stichting Leids Oogheelkundig Ondersteuningsfonds (Leiden, the Netherlands); the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Center (Oxford, United Kingdom); the Gisela Thier Fellowship of Leiden University (Leiden, the Netherlands [C. J. F. Boon]); and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VENI grant to C. J. F. Boon). These funding organizations provided unrestricted grants and had no role in the design or conduct of this research. This investigator-initiated study received funding from Novartis Pharma B.V. (Arnhem, the Netherlands) solely for the purchase of verteporfin (Visudyne) to enable half-dose photodynamic therapy treatment at the Oxford site because photodynamic therapy currently is not reimbursed routinely by the U.K. National Health Service for treating central serous chorioretinopathy. Novartis Pharma B.V. had no role in funding, designing, conducting, or evaluating the study, nor in the writing of this manuscript."

"This study included data and multimodal imaging of cCSC patients enrolled in the multicenter randomized PLACE and SPECTRA studies., The PLACE trial was conducted at five academic medical centers in Europe. Eligible patients of the SPECTRA trial were enrolled at three academic medical centers in the Netherlands. The studies were conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participating centers received approval from their respective institutional review board and ethics committee (clinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03079141 [PLACE trial]; NCT01797861 [SPECTRA trial])."