Sex- and age-specific impacts of smoking, overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus in the development of disabling dementia in a Japanese population.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThis study was approved by the ethics committees of Osaka University, Yao City, and Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (15595-4; March 11st, 2022). Consent for publicationNot applicable. Availability of data and materialData cannot be shared for ethical reasons: informed consent has not been obtained from the participants for the open use of their personal data. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributionsMari Tanaka, Hironori Imano, and Hiroyasu Iso are responsible for the conceptualization and the methodology. Mari Tanaka, Hironori Imano, Mina Hayama-Terada, Isao Muraki, Kokoro Shirai, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Takeo Okada, Masahiko Kiyama, Akihiko Kitamura, and Hiroyasu Iso are responsible for the investigation. Mari Tanaka, Hironori Imano, Isao Muraki, Kokoro Shirai, and Hiroyasu Iso are responsible for the data curation. Mari Tanaka and Hironori Imano are responsible for the analysis. Mari Tanaka is responsible for the writing-original draft. Hironori Imano, Mina Hayama-Terada, Isao Muraki, Kokoro Shirai, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Takeo Okada, Masahiko Kiyama, Akihiko Kitamura, and Hiroyasu Iso are responsible for the validation, and the writing review and editing. Yoshihiro Takayama is also responsible for the writing-review and editing. Mina Hayama-Terada and Akihiko Kitamura are responsible for the resource. Akihiko Kitamura, Yoshihiro Takayasu, and Hiroyasu Iso are responsible for the project administration and the funding acquisition. Hiroyasu Iso is responsible for the supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding This research was supported by the public health service fund of Yao City, Osaka Prefecture. The funder played no role in the design, execution, analysis, interpretation of data or writing of the study."