Surgical resident experience with common bile duct exploration and assessment of performance and autonomy with formative feedback.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThis study was approved by The University of Florida Institutional Review Board (IRB# 202200845). Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding Dr. Loftus was supported by a K23 GM140268 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) and by the Thomas H. Maren Junior Investigator Fund. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The National Institute of General Medical Sciences had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Dr. Balch was supported by the postgraduate training grant (T32 GM-08721)."