Monocyte migration profiles define disease severity in acute COVID-19 and unique features of long COVID.

"Conflict of interest: G. Lindergard is co-founder and scientific advisory board member of Gritstone Bio Inc., which is a public company that develops therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases, including COVID-19. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"We thank all participants and their families for their contribution, without which this study would not have been possible. This report is independent research supported by the UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium (UK-CIC), the North West Lung Centre Charity and the NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility at Wythenshawe Hospital. We thank the Manchester Allergy, Respiratory and Thoracic Surgery Biobank, and we thank the Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) Collaborative Group, and the Northern Care Alliance Research Collection tissue bank for supporting this project. We thank Imbio Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA) for the Lung Density Analysis and Lung Texture Analysis programmes used to generate quantitative CT reports. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health. A. Simpson, A. Horsley, T. Felton, P. Dark and T. Hussell are supported by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. C. Brightling is supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre. In addition, we would like to thank the Immunology community within the Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the Flow Cytometry Core Facility at the University of Manchester, the Manchester COVID-19 Rapid Response Group and the study participants for their contribution. Support statement: This work was supported by The Wellcome Trust/Royal Society (E.R. Mann, 206206/Z/17/Z); The Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research, who provided a Rapid Response Award for costs associated with the laboratory analysis of the immune response in COVID-19 patients to J.R. Grainger; Medical Research Council (L. Pearmain, MR/R00191X/1; K. Piper Hanley, MR/P023541/1); The Wellcome Trust (T. Hussell, 202865/Z/16/Z; 106898/A/15/Z, which helped support some CIRCO members), the Lister Institute (J.E. Konkel); BBSRC (J.E. Konkel, BB/M025977/1); and Innovate UK (K. Piper Hanley, 40896). Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry."