Spinal astrocyte dysfunction drives motor neuron loss in late-onset spinal muscular atrophy.

"Declarations Conflict of interestThe authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Ethics approvalThe study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Bioethic Committee of the University of Duisburg-Essen (approval number 18–8285-BO; 19–9011-BO). Research involving human and/or animal participantsAll experiments were conducted under the animal welfare guidelines of the University of Duisburg-Essen. Furthermore, the SMA mouse model used and in vivo experiments were approved by the State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (reference number 81–02.04–2020.A335; 81–02.03.2021.A078). Conflict of interest The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article."

"Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The authors (L-IS, ML, TH) received funding from the “Förderverein Universitätsneurologie e.V.”."