Urinary tract infections trigger synucleinopathy via the innate immune response.

"Declarations Conflict of interestW.P. has received support as a consultant from Roche. P.B. has received support as a consultant from Calico Life Sciences, CuraSen, Enterin Inc, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck A/S, AbbVie, Fujifilm-Cellular Dynamics International, and Axial Therapeutics. He has received commercial support for research from Lundbeck A/S and F. Hoffman-La Roche. He has ownership interests in Acousort AB, Axial Therapeutics, Enterin Inc, Roche and RYNE Biotechnology. During the time that this paper was undergoing revision, he became an employee of F. Hoffman-La Roche, although none of the data was generated by this company. All the other authors declare no additional competing financial interests. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Conflict of interest W.P. has received support as a consultant from Roche. P.B. has received support as a consultant from Calico Life Sciences, CuraSen, Enterin Inc, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck A/S, AbbVie, Fujifilm-Cellular Dynamics International, and Axial Therapeutics. He has received commercial support for research from Lundbeck A/S and F. Hoffman-La Roche. He has ownership interests in Acousort AB, Axial Therapeutics, Enterin Inc, Roche and RYNE Biotechnology. During the time that this paper was undergoing revision, he became an employee of F. Hoffman-La Roche, although none of the data was generated by this company. All the other authors declare no additional competing financial interests. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding Fulbright Post-Doctoral fellowship (WP), Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) Post-Doctoral fellowship (WP), FWO Flanders Post-Doctoral Fellowship (WP), Van Andel Institute Internal Funding, Farmer Family Foundation and the American Parkinson’s Disease Association (APDA) (MII) (MI)."