Data-Driven Identification of Unusual Prescribing Behavior: Analysis and Use of an Interactive Data Tool Using 6 Months of Primary Care Data From 6500 Practices in England.

"Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare the following: BG has received research funding from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the NHS National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the NIHR School of Primary Care Research, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, the Mohn-Westlake Foundation, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley, the Wellcome Trust, the Good Thinking Foundation, Health Data Research UK, the Health Foundation, the World Health Organization, UKRI, Asthma UK, the British Lung Foundation, and the Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing strand of the National Core Studies program; he also receives personal income from speaking and writing for lay audiences on the misuse of science. NJD and JM have been employed on grants received by BG. JM is the recipient of a doctoral studentship from the Wellcome Trust."

"We are grateful to wider NHS colleagues for discussions that have informed our work on this topic. Conceptualization was done by HC, BM, BG, and AJW. JM, DE, PI, and SB were involved in data curation. LEMH, JM, BM, and AJW performed formal analysis. HC, BG, and AJW were responsible for funding acquisition. LEMH, JM, HC, BM, RC, OM, and AJW conducted investigation. LEMH, JM, HC, BM, RC, and AJW carried methodology. DE, PI, SB, and TOD were involved with the resources. JM, DE, PI, SB, and TOD were responsible for software. Supervision was done by BG. LEMH, JM, HC, BM, and AJW were responsible for visualization. LEMH, JM, HC, BM, and AJW were responsible for writing original draft. LEMH, JM, HC, BM, RC, OM, BG, and AJW were responsible for writing review and editing. BG is the guarantor. This project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Research for Patient Benefit (RfPB) Programme (grant PB-PG-0418-20036). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Funders had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare the following: BG has received research funding from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the NHS National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the NIHR School of Primary Care Research, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, the Mohn-Westlake Foundation, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley, the Wellcome Trust, the Good Thinking Foundation, Health Data Research UK, the Health Foundation, the World Health Organization, UKRI, Asthma UK, the British Lung Foundation, and the Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing strand of the National Core Studies program; he also receives personal income from speaking and writing for lay audiences on the misuse of science. NJD and JM have been employed on grants received by BG. JM is the recipient of a doctoral studentship from the Wellcome Trust."